Low Birthweight Piglets Essay -- Food, Pork Industry

Introduction Low birth weight piglets have high mortality and poor growth postnatally. The pork industry has strategies to increase the piglets’ birth weight. Maternal growth hormone treatment with developmental timing and dose difference increased fetal growth in pigs [1-4]. As GH cannot cross the placenta [5], the increase in fetal growth must due to changes in maternal metabolism and/or placental development and function. Placental weight was increased with maternal GH treatment [4]. However, none of the above studies has demonstrated the effect of maternal GH treatment on placental structural development and function in pigs; therefore, this is the gap that will be addressed in this study. Birth Weight Determinants of fetal growth and birth weight in pigs Birth weight is influenced by several factors during pregnancy, such as parity, maternal nutrition, uterine capacity and litter size. Pigs have two parity groups, sows and gilts. Sows are pigs which have given birth at least 3 times before, and gilts, are pigs that had never been pregnant. The low birth weight of the progeny from gilts might be due to first pregnancy. As gilts are growing when they pregnant, so mother and fetus were competing for limited nitrogenous substrates to meet their needs, and leads to low birth weight in fetus *gatford 2009 & Schoknecht 1993. Piglets from dam which has restriction in food intake or specific nutrients during gestation have reduced in birth weight. The progeny of gilts fed with protein-deficient diet (0.5% protein) in early (d 1 to d44) or late (d 82 to term) during gestation have lower birth weight compared to the control (with 13% protein in diet); whereas protein deficient diet throughout pregnancy caused the progeny weigh... ...reased maternal lean meat percentage *rehfeldt 2001. The backfat depth of pGH treated dams in *gatford 2010 was lower than the controls at farrowing and weaning *. This suggested that GH treatment can stimulate lean growth and inhibiting adipose tissue growth in pigs. The gestation length of sows, but not gilts was being shortened by long term GH treatment. Maternal GH treatment would also affect the concentration of maternal circulating metabolites and hormones. There was an increased in amino acids nitrogen and decreased in free fatty acids in maternal circulation by a 2 or 4 mg GH dose treatments from d 25 to d 51(gatford, 2000). Maternal plasma urea concentration was decreased by 28% by GH treatment with a dose ~15ug/kg from days 25 to 50 *gatford 2009. There was a similar finding in another study with maternal GH treatment in underfed gilts *gatford 2000.

Bombing of Marshall Islands Essay

The bombing of Marshall Islands, which Marshallese people will never forget. An awful act on the United States for testing nuclear weapons. People on the Marshall Islands were terrorized because of this. They suffered dramatic loses between families. And remorse that will never be forgiven. Having this coming from the United States was fair because of the war they were going into. It would be beneficial to research new bombs to test out before using. After this event the Marshallese a person were being cared after by the government, but is this compensation worth it. The testing of weapons worth, risking the hopeless innocent lives. People of the Marshall Islands don’t deserve to be treated how the Americans did. â€Å"The islanders suffered skin burns, and their hair fell out. Yet, in a statement to the press, the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission stated that some Americans and Marshallese were â€Å"unexpectedly exposed to some radioactivity.† This happened because of the unexpected winds the U.S never predicted to happen but in their mind it wasn’t a worry. Some people were drastically affected from the radiation like Jula she suffered greatly from the bombings, deformation of her chin and mental retardation. Something that you can’t just take back and say nothing happened. Another incident happened when a mother gave birth to her baby but had defects like hydrocephalus which enlarges the skull and compression on the brain and could cause seizures. The United States immensely destroyed the Marshallese not only physically but their island as well. As the United States you would have to understand that testing of nuclear weapons was not only necessary but it will also get us ahead in advanced bombs. That people yet still have to understand. By testing at the Marshall Islands it was safe from the mainland and safe enough to observe and take test. This is why â€Å"Micronesia has been shaped and influenced by â€Å"the goal of maintaining and increasing U.S. power and advantage in the region.† In the Marshall Islands, the US tested a total of 66 atomic and hydrogen bombs between 1946 and 1958.† By testing this military weapon it made U.S a might that no one could match. The program of nuclear research was right to end wars and conflicts. As the result of the bombing the Marshallese people were given money and free programs they could sign up for. â€Å"In 1986 a Compact of Free Association went into effect between the United States and the Republic of the Marshall Islands. The compact established a $150 million fund to compensate the Marshallese for damage done by the U.S. nuclear testing program. The United States accepted â€Å"responsibility for compensation owing to citizens of the Marshall Islands. For loss or damage to property and person of the citizens of the Marshall Islands.† Just because the United States compensated for their loses, it still was not enough to bring back their loved ones. People that come from the pacific look down on Marshallese people because of the recognition they received. Because they never had at least an apology. People that were treated like the Marshallese people lived a rough life. Having to abandon your home and even your family just because the U.S said. Winning the war is great but how can you say that if it took the lives of many to achieve. Even if the U.S only compensated the Marshallese people and not everyone else who suffered from the U.S. Not only the people were hurt but everyone around as well, but we still wouldn’t live this day if the U.S didn’t test nuclear weapons.

The Between Culture And Language Arts - 821 Words

The authors of the two chapters built their cases around literacy practices from different prospective and stances. Alverman, a critical literacy specialist emphasized the importance of the popular culture usage as a natural societal connection with their peers in social groups. Other researches such as Paul gee focused also on the importance of reading embedding in social practices. his study seeks to expand the notions of space and composition, and to inform new pedagogies that utilize and respect the beliefs, experiences and practices of urban students. Dr. Alverman invested in the significance of critical literacy and investigated the relation between culture and language arts. Popular culture is a fertile means of social peer`s interaction. Alverman stressed on the fact that educators to enhance students` reading capabilities and achievement can use popular culture. She stated that â€Å"Classroom learning should not be confined to traditional texts,† Her research ration ale about using pop culture in middle and secondary classrooms, in addition to the libraries and media centers, can connect adolescents with based learning and enhance their literacy level through motivation in and out of the classroom. This line of research, which re-examined the literacy notion and the students` literacy experiences outside the school, within popular culture context (Alderman Hagood, 2000) is important as it allows students` demonstration of a broad spectrum of literacy skills in theShow MoreRelatedArt and Human Nature1049 Words   |  5 PagesExploring Art within Human Nature When discussing art it has continuously been examined how much it is applied to human nature. In The Art Instinct by Denis Dutton he spend an entire chapter discussing the colorations between the two. Art can be seen in human nature through its history, it’s comparison to language, and its creation from humans through genetics and their tendencies. Language has always been considered a part of human nature. All culture through all ages has some manner of languageRead More africa Essay example1208 Words   |  5 Pages African Cultures nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Africa has more than 800 languages native to its continent. African cultures are so diverse that they are different from any other culture of the world. African cultures contain many different languages. African languages range from common French to languages unheard of to most people such as Swahili. African arts are much different than American arts. Their art involves much more creative pottery, masks, and paintings. Africa has a very interestingRead MoreAfrican Cultures Essay1234 Words   |  5 PagesAfrican Cultures Africa has more than 800 languages native to its continent. African cultures are so diverse that they are different from any other culture of the world. African cultures contain many different languages. African languages range from common French to languages unheard of to most people such as Swahili. African arts are much different than American arts. Their art involves much more creative pottery, masks, and paintings. Africa has a very interesting culture. Reasons being theRead MoreRelationship Between Shared And Personal Knowledge1373 Words   |  6 PagesAll knowledge affects other knowledge in some way, whether they are connected or not. This builds a relationship between or among areas of information that is somehow changed over time no matter the subject. This is particularly evident with shared knowledge and personal knowledge. Shared knowledge is difficult to define because it includes all knowledge, but it is usually considered as information known by a group of people be cause of communication outside that particular group. It is basicallyRead MoreDiversity And Diversity Within The Classroom1550 Words   |  7 PagesDiversity in the classroom means realizing that every student is unique in their own way. Diversity has always been a part of the classroom, but in today’s society, it is even more important to embrace and promote the different cultures. When a teacher values diversity, this attitude will trickle down and impact students in a positive way. It is not enough to just talk about being diverse, teachers must show they embrace multiculturalism through their actions. For example, when asking studentsRead MoreEssay on Pop Culture in the Classroom1148 Words   |  5 Pagesand children make of popular culture in classroom settings. We provide a description of four approaches to using popular culture in the classroom, attending to the tensions created when teachers try to develop students critical awareness of the very things the children find most pleasurable about popular culture. We then share some practical, classroom-tried ideas for integrating elementary students everyday literacies and popular culture interests into language arts instruction across the curriculumRead MoreThe Cherokee And Cherokee Culture1497 Words   |  6 Pagesto keep Cherokee culture alive through works of pottery, woven baskets, paintings, beaded clothing, or other assorted items has always been a focus of the Cherokee people. Building One Fire is a compilation of Cherokee art showcasing the variety of mediums they express their creative styles through and illustrating the Cherokee way of life. Throughout the years, the government of the United States has played a large part in this struggle, whether they are repressing their cultur e, acting as patronsRead MoreDeaf : A Common Experience Of Life1590 Words   |  7 Pagesin to something beautiful, creating what we know today as Deaf culture. Deaf people as a linguistic minority have a common experience of life, and this manifests itself in its culture. This includes beliefs, attitudes, history, norms, values, traditions, art, and shared institutions of communities that are affected by deafness and which use sign languages as the main means of communication. (World federation of the deaf). Deaf culture intersects with nationality, race, ethnicity, class, sexual orientationRead MoreForeign Language Requirement1173 Words   |  5 PagesForeign Language High School Requirement A survey done by the Center for Applied Linguistics in 2008 found that The findings indicate a serious disconnect between the national call to educate world citizens with high-level language skills and the current state of foreign language instruction in schools across the country(Cal:Research). This is concerning as all of the competition for the U.S. is gaining a step and we re doing nothing . If the U.S. expects to continue to be competitive in theRead MoreThe Australian Aboriginals are the Native People of Australia745 Words   |  3 PagesAustralian Aboriginals are natives of Australia and have lived there for many years. The Aborigine people have roamed Australia, the free-flowing land, for years, developing many customs and aspects to an interesting culture: language, body painting, beliefs, laws, music, hunting and art. The Australian Aboriginals are the native people of Australia. They roamed the land for 40,000 years. The Indigenous Aborigines lived as nomads, hunter-gatherers, and â€Å"with a strong dependence on the land and their